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<title>East Chadic languages</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">East Chadic languages</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox" style="width:22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: black; background-color: #faecc8;">East Chadic</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Geographic<br>distribution</th><td class="infobox-data">southern <a href="Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> and northern <a href="Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Language_family" title="Language family">Linguistic classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Afroasiatic_languages" title="Afroasiatic languages">Afro-Asiatic</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="Chadic_languages" title="Chadic languages">Chadic</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><b>East Chadic</b></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subdivisions</th><td class="infobox-data">

<ul><li>East Chadic A</li>

<li>East Chadic B</li></ul>

</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #faecc8;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><samp><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/east2632">east2632</a></code></samp></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div style="text-align:left;">East Chadic per Newman (1977)</div></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The three dozen <b>East Chadic languages</b> of the <a href="Chadic_languages" title="Chadic languages">Chadic family</a> are spoken in <a href="Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a> and <a href="Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Speakers of various East Chadic languages are locally known as <a href="Hadjarai_peoples" title="Hadjarai peoples">Hadjarai peoples</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Olson_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Chapelle_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chapelle-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest East Chadic language is <a href="Nancere" class="mw-redirect" title="Nancere">Nancere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Peust_2018_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peust_2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages">Languages</h2></div>

<p>The branches of East Chadic go either by names or by letters and numbers in an outline format.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The East Chadic B classification follows that of Lovestrand (2012).

</p>

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<ul><li><b>East Chadic</b>

<ul><li>East Chadic A

<ul><li>(A.1.1) <b>Sibine</b>: <a href="Mire_language" title="Mire language">Mire</a>, <a href="Ndam_language" title="Ndam language">Ndam</a>, <a href="Somrai_language" title="Somrai language">Somrai</a>, <a href="Tumak_language" title="Tumak language">Tumak</a>, <a href="Motun_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Motun language">Motun</a>, <a href="Mawer_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mawer language">Mawer</a></li>

<li>(A.1.2) <b>Miltu</b>: <a href="Boor_language" title="Boor language">Boor</a>, <a href="Gadang_language" title="Gadang language">Gadang</a>, <a href="Miltu_language" title="Miltu language">Miltu</a>, <a href="Sarua_language" title="Sarua language">Sarua</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li>(A.2.1) <b>Nancere</b>:<sup id="cite_ref-NG_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NG-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Nancere_language" title="Nancere language">Nancere</a>, <a href="Kimr%C3%A9_language" title="Kimré language">Kimré</a>, <a href="Lele_language_(Chad)" title="Lele language (Chad)">Lele</a></li>

<li>(A.2.2) <b>Gabri</b>:<sup id="cite_ref-NG_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NG-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Gabri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabri language">Gabri</a>, <a href="Kabalai_language" title="Kabalai language">Kabalai</a>, <a href="Tobanga_language" title="Tobanga language">Tobanga</a></li></ul></li>

<li>(A.3) <b>Kwang</b>: <a href="Kwang_language" title="Kwang language">Kwang</a>, <a href="Kera_language" title="Kera language">Kera</a></li></ul></li>

<li>East Chadic B<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

<ul><li>(B.1.1) <b>Dangla</b>: <a href="Bidiyo_language" title="Bidiyo language">Bidiyo</a> (Bidiya), <a href="Dangal%C3%A9at_language" title="Dangaléat language">Dangaléat</a> (Dangla), <a href="Birgit_language" title="Birgit language">Birgit</a>, <a href="Jonkor_Bourmataguil_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonkor Bourmataguil language">Jonkor Bourmataguil</a>, <a href="Mabire_language" title="Mabire language">Mabire</a>, <a href="Migaama_language" title="Migaama language">Migaama</a>, <a href="Mogum_language" title="Mogum language">Mogum</a> (Jegu), <a href="Toram_language" title="Toram language">Toram</a></li>

<li>(B.1.2) <b>Mubi</b>: <a href="Mubi_language" title="Mubi language">Mubi</a>, <a href="Kajakse_language" title="Kajakse language">Kajakse</a>, <a href="Masmaje_language" title="Masmaje language">Masmaje</a>, <a href="Zirenkel_language" title="Zirenkel language">Zirenkel</a> (Zerenkel)</li>

<li>(B.1.3) ? <i><b><a href="Kujarg%C3%A9_language" title="Kujargé language">Kujargé</a></b></i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li>

<li>(B.2) <i><b><a href="Mokilko_language" title="Mokilko language">Mokilko</a></b></i> (Mukulu, Gergiko)</li>

<li>(B.3) <b>Sokoro</b>: <a href="Saba_language" title="Saba language">Saba</a>, <a href="Sokoro_language" title="Sokoro language">Sokoro</a>, <a href="Tamki_language" title="Tamki language">Tamki</a>, <a href="Mawa_language_(Chad)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mawa language (Chad)">Mawa</a>, <a href="Ubi_language" title="Ubi language">Ubi</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>(B.4) <b><a href="Barein_language" title="Barein language">Barein</a></b> (Baraïn) (including the Jalking or <a href="Jelkung_language" title="Jelkung language">Jelkung</a> dialect)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>

</div>

<p>Peust (2018), however, has a somewhat different phylogenetic classification for East Chadic.<sup id="cite_ref-Peust_2018_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peust_2018-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most striking change is the repositioning of Mokilko (B.2) from East Chadic B to East Chadic A, where it now constitutes the first branch to separate, followed by Lele-Nancere (A.2.1). Within East Chadic B, he treats the Mubi group (B.1.2) as the first primary branching, with all the rest forming a subgroup divided between Dangla (B.1.1) in the north and Barain plus Sokoro (B.3 and B.4) in the south.

</p><p>East Chadic A is distributed primarily in <a href="Tandjil%C3%A9_(region)" title="Tandjilé (region)">Tandjilé</a> and neighbouring regions. East Chadic B is distributed primarily in <a href="Gu%C3%A9ra_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guéra (region)">Guéra</a> and neighbouring regions.<sup id="cite_ref-PASISAT_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PASISAT-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Numerals">Numerals</h2></div>

<p>Comparison of numerals in individual languages:<sup id="cite_ref-ChanNumeralsAA_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChanNumeralsAA-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<th>Classification</th>

<th>Language</th>

<th>10

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="ISO_639%3Asor" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:sor">Somrai</a></td>

<td>wúrɡə́ súbù (4 + 3) ?</td>

<td>mwàtʃ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="ISO_639%3Atmc" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:tmc">Tumak</a></td>

<td>ɗáksùb</td>

<td>wāwār (2 x 4) ?</td>

<td>bìsāmə̄n (10–1) ?</td>

<td>kwàr

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="ISO_639%3Agab" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:gab">Gabri</a></td>

<td>jūrɡú</td>

<td>mārɡə́</td>

<td>mɔ̀tʃ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="ISO_639%3Akqp" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:kqp">Kimré</a></td>

<td>pɔrbu</td>

<td>dʒurɡəm</td>

<td>marɡə</td>

<td>diŋɡɛsə</td>

<td>m<sup>w</sup>ɔdʒ

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>pórìŋ</td>

<td>ménèŋ</td>

<td>mátòlíŋ</td>

<td>juruɡù</td>

<td>ɡoro

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="ISO_639%3Annc" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:nnc">Nancere</a></td>

<td>màtàl</td>

<td>tʃélə̄</td>

<td>ɡùwàrə̀

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>sóópe</td>

<td>wááɗe</td>

<td>wííɗíw / suŋku mə́ná</td>

<td>sééɗa</td>

<td>ásəɡə̀n</td>

<td>támbə̀là</td>

<td>mánhòr / suŋku ɓásí

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="ISO_639%3Akvi" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:kvi">Kwang (Kwong)</a></td>

<td>wiʔyɪm</td>

<td>sɪdəəŋ</td>

<td>bʊkʊr</td>

<td>bɪdaamna</td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="ISO_639%3Abid" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:bid">Bidiya (Bidiyo)</a> (1)</td>

<td>subaŋ</td>

<td>paɗaŋ</td>

<td>beeyʼeŋ</td>

<td>peŋkeyʼ (5 + 1)</td>

<td>pisiɗaŋ (5 + 2)</td>

<td>porpoɗ (2 x 4)</td>

<td>peŋda</td>

<td>orro

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="ISO_639%3Abid" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:bid">Bidiyo (Bidiya)</a> (2)</td>

<td>keʔeŋ (masculine), kaɗya (feminine)</td>

<td>subaŋ</td>

<td>paaɗaŋ</td>

<td>bèeʔeŋ</td>

<td>pénkeʔ (5 + 1)</td>

<td>píisit (5 + 2)</td>

<td>porpoɗ (2 x 4)</td>

<td>penda</td>

<td>ɔ̀rrɔ̀

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="ISO_639%3Adaa" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:daa">Dangla (Dangaléat)</a></td>

<td>ɾákkí</td>

<td>súbbà</td>

<td>pooɗí</td>

<td>póɗpóɗ</td>

<td>parkà</td>

<td>ɔ̀rɔ̀kì

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>b<sup>y</sup>aːpat (5 + 1) ?</td>

<td>patpat (2 x 4)</td>

<td>k<sup>w</sup>apinikara (10–1) ?</td>

<td>k<sup>w</sup>aːjan

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>pənni</td>

<td>biaapan (5 + 1) ?</td>

<td>biamat</td>

<td>patpat (2 x 4)</td>

<td>kuapinikara (10–1) ?</td>

<td>kuayan

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="ISO_639%3Ammy" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:mmy">Migama</a> (1)</td>

<td>séèrà</td>

<td>súbbà</td>

<td>póoɗí</td>

<td>béeƴá</td>

<td>bízɡíƴÍ</td>

<td>pàysárà</td>

<td>póppóɗí (2 x 4)</td>

<td>párnàkáƴÍ (10–1)</td>

<td>ʔórrò

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="ISO_639%3Ammy" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:mmy">Migama</a> (2)</td>

<td>káɗyì</td>

<td>séèrà</td>

<td>súbbà</td>

<td>póoɗí</td>

<td>béeɗyá</td>

<td>bízɡíɗyì</td>

<td>pàysárà</td>

<td>póppóɗí (2 x 4)</td>

<td>pârnàkáɗyì (10 -1)</td>

<td>ʔôrrò

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="ISO_639%3Amou" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:mou">Mogum</a></td>

<td>payse</td>

<td>porpide</td>

<td>barkɛt</td>

<td>orrok

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>piina</td>

<td>bɛɛja</td>

<td>bɛɛpɛne (5 + 1)</td>

<td>bɛɛmuɗu (5 + 2)</td>

<td>porpoɗa (2 x 4)</td>

<td>kojpane (litː 'koj = hand')</td>

<td>orok

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>bíɗyà</td>

<td>ìstàlà</td>

<td>béesír</td>

<td>fàrbàt</td>

<td>férbínì</td>

<td>kúrúk

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>istala</td>

<td>besir</td>

<td>farbad [farbat]</td>

<td>ferbine</td>

<td>kuruk

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="ISO_639%3Azrn" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:zrn">Zerenkel</a></td>

<td>pínné</td>

<td>siirí</td>

<td>sùbbà</td>

<td>páɗɗá</td>

<td>bíƴƴá</td>

<td>istala</td>

<td>bèèsiri</td>

<td>paarpaɗì</td>

<td>paarpinò</td>

<td>kúrúkí

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="ISO_639%3Amoz" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:moz">Mukulu</a></td>

<td>ɡéssírè</td>

<td>ɡéssá(t)</td>

<td>kòòmá(t)

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="ISO_639%3Abva" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:bva">Barein</a></td>

<td>paniŋ</td>

<td>dawsu</td>

<td>dasumaniŋ (5 + 1)</td>

<td>dasisidi (5 + 2)</td>

<td>dasusubu (5 + 3)</td>

<td>dasumpudu (5 + 4)</td>

<td>kur

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="ISO_639%3Asok" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639:sok">Sokoro</a></td>

<td>kéttì / ker̃í</td>

<td>paʔáɗà</td>

<td>bépini</td>

<td>bémoɗù</td>

<td>béʃíba</td>

<td>bépʌɗʌ̀</td>

<td>ór̃kà

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/east2632">"Glottolog 4.7 – East Chadic"</a>. <i>glottolog.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-12-27</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Olson-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Olson_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFOlson,_James_Stuart1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="James_S._Olson" title="James S. Olson">Olson, James Stuart</a> (1996). <i>The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary</i>. Greenwood Press. p. 213. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-313-27918-7</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Chapelle-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chapelle_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChapelle,_Jean1981" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chapelle, Jean (1981). <i>Le Peuple Tchadien: ses racines et sa vie quotidienne</i> (in French). L'Harmattan. pp. <span class="nowrap">178–</span>179. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>2-85802-169-4</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Peust_2018-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peust_2018_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peust_2018_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPeust2018" class="citation journal cs1">Peust, Carsten (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.pan.pl/dlibra/publication/124686/edition/108810/content">"The subgrouping of East Chadic"</a>. <i>Folia Orientalia</i> (55). <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.24425%2Ffor.2018.124686">10.24425/for.2018.124686</a></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Blench, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf">The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List</a> (ms); Buso deleted as a separate branch per Hammarström (2015)</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-NG-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NG_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NG_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Languages in both the Nancere and Gabri branches go by the names of Kimre and Gabri. The two branches together are sometimes also called Gabri.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLovestrand2012" class="citation web cs1">Lovestrand, Joseph (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/16/01/20/160120795505427949308015982742526390677/silewp2112_004FINAL.pdf">"Classification and description of the Chadic languages of the Guéra (East Chadic B)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. SIL Electronic Working Papers 2012-004. SIL International.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kujargé appears to have ties with the Mubi languages, but perhaps not genetic ones. Its classification is uncertain.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Previously classified as Dangla</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-PASISAT-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PASISAT_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Oxfam" title="Oxfam">Oxfam</a> and Office National de Développement Rural (ONDR). 2016. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prospect-cs.be/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Atlas-Guera-Partie-1_v2016.pdf">Atlas de la vulnérabilité dans le Guera. Première partie: synthèse regional</a></i>. 2nd edition (updated from 2013 edition). PASISAT (Projet d'Appui à l'Amélioration du Système d'Information sur la Sécurité Alimentaire au Tchad).</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ChanNumeralsAA-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ChanNumeralsAA_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChan2019" class="citation web cs1">Chan, Eugene (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/channumerals/Afro-Asiatic.htm">"The Afro-Asiatic Language Phylum"</a>. Numeral Systems of the World's Languages.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

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</style><div id="East_Chadic_languages144" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Chadic (A)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sibine (A.1.1)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Somrai_language" title="Somrai language">Somrai</a></li>

<li><a href="Tumak_language" title="Tumak language">Tumak</a>

<ul><li>Mawer</li>

<li>Motun</li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miltu (A.1.2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Gadang_language" title="Gadang language">Gadang</a></li>

<li><a href="Miltu_language" title="Miltu language">Miltu</a></li>

<li><a href="Sarua_language" title="Sarua language">Sarua</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nancere (A.2.1)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kimr%C3%A9_language" title="Kimré language">Kimré</a></li>

<li><a href="Nancere_language" title="Nancere language">Nancere</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gabri (A.2.2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kabalai_language" title="Kabalai language">Kabalai</a></li>

<li><a href="Southern_Gabri_language" title="Southern Gabri language">Southern Gabri</a></li>

<li><a href="Tobanga_language" title="Tobanga language">Tobanga</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kwang (A.3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Kwang_language" title="Kwang language">Kwang</a>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Chadic (B)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dangla (B.1.1)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bidiyo_language" title="Bidiyo language">Bidiyo</a></li>

<li><a href="Birgit_language" title="Birgit language">Birgit</a></li>

<li><a href="Dangal%C3%A9at_language" title="Dangaléat language">Dangaléat</a></li>

<li><a href="Jonkor_language" title="Jonkor language">Jonkor (Bourmataguil)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mabire_language" title="Mabire language">Mabire</a></li>

<li><a href="Migaama_language" title="Migaama language">Migaama</a></li>

<li><a href="Mogum_language" title="Mogum language">Mogum</a></li>

<li><a href="Toram_language" title="Toram language">Toram</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mubi (B.1.2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kajakse_language" title="Kajakse language">Kajakse</a></li>

<li><a href="Masmaje_language" title="Masmaje language">Masmaje</a></li>

<li><a href="Zirenkel_language" title="Zirenkel language">Zirenkel</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sokoro (B.3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Sokoro_language" title="Sokoro language">Sokoro</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamki_language" title="Tamki language">Tamki</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Barain (B.4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Barein_language" title="Barein language">Barein</a></li>

<li><a href="Jelkung_language" title="Jelkung language">Jelkung</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mokilko_language" title="Mokilko language">Mokilko</a> (B.2)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a>. See also: <a href="Chadic_languages" title="Chadic languages">Chadic languages</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox391" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Authority control databases: National </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4225077-8">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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